Assessing the Impact of Chrysene-Sorbed Polystyrene Microplastics on Different Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

The sorption of organic pollutants to marine plastic litter may pose risks organisms, notably for what concerns their intake and transfer through microplastic (MP) ingestion. This study investigated the effects polystyrene MP loaded with chrysene (CHR) on early-stage physiological endpoints measured in Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. same concentrations virgin microplastics 10.8 µg CHR/mg (CHR-MP) were administered gametes/embryos (25 × 103 items/mL) adults (5⋅× items/L); further treatments included 0.1 mg/L freely dissolved CHR a second concentration corresponding that vehiculated by CHR-MP during exposure (3.78 µg/L 0.73 ng/L gamete/embryos adults, respectively). None affected gamete fertilization, while induced embryotoxicity. In similarly lysosomal membrane stability neutral lipids slight oxidative stress endpoints. tested only at mg/L, lysosomal, neurotoxicity biomarkers generally showing greater alterations than those MP. shows does not alter impact mussels limited compared other routes exposure.